
Via: Psychology Degree
That made me think more about sleep and dreams and what they really mean. So I headed over to the BBC Science site that is always stacked full of very interesting articles and tests relating to the human body - here is a few facts that I found very intriguing.
- We have to sleep because it is essential to maintaining normal levels of cognitive skills such as speech, memory, innovative and flexible thinking. In other words, sleep plays a significant role in brain development.
- The current world record for the longest period without sleep is 11 days, set by Randy Gardner in 1965. Four days into the research, he began hallucinating. This was followed by a delusion where he thought he was a famous footballer. Surprisingly, Randy was actually functioning quite well at the end of his research and he could still beat the scientist at pinball.
- The continuous brain recordings that led to the discovery of REM (rapid eye-movement) sleep were not done until 1953, partly because the scientists involved were concerned about wasting paper.
- Dreams, once thought to occur only during REM sleep, also occur (but to a lesser extent) in non-REM sleep phases. It's possible there may not be a single moment of our sleep when we are actually dreamless.
- REM dreams are often characterised by bizarre plots, but non-REM dreams tend to be repetitive and thought-like, with little imagery.
- During REM sleep you experience muscle paralysis to stop you acting out your dreams.
- Certain types of eye movements during REM sleep correspond to specific movements in dreams, suggesting at least part of the dreaming process is analogous to watching a film.
- Elephants sleep standing up during non-REM sleep, but lie down for REM sleep.
- Some scientists believe we dream to fix experiences in long-term memory.
- REM sleep may help developing brains mature. Premature babies spend 75% of their time in REM sleep, 10 per cent more than full-term babies. Similarly, a newborn kitten, puppy, rat or hamster experiences only REM sleep, while a newborn guinea pig (which is much more developed at birth) has almost no REM sleep at all.
- Blind people dream as well. Whether recognisable images appear in their dream depends on whether they where blind at birth or became blind later in life. It’s likely they still experience colour and shape. But vision is not the only sense that constitutes a dream. Sounds, tactility, and smell become hypersensitive for the blind and will be incorporated into their dreams.